The definition of the Nobel Prize.
According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize should be awarded to the person who
" ...shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses"
Alfred Nobel's will further declared that the prize should be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the Norwegian Parliament.
Nobel died in 1896. He did not leave an explanation for choosing peace as a prize category. As he was a trained chemical engineer, the categories for chemistry and physics were obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, there is significant evidence indicating that his friendship with Bertha von Suttner, a peace activist and later winner of the prize, profoundly influenced his decision to include peace as a category Some Nobel scholars suggest it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces (Nobel's inventions included dynamite and ballistite). However, except for ballistite, none of his explosives were used in any war during his lifetime On the other hand, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, an Irish nationalist organization, did carry out dynamite attacks in the 1880s Similarly, while he owned it, Nobel was instrumental in turning Bofors from an iron and steel company to an armaments company.
It is also unclear why Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in Norway, which was ruled in union with Sweden at the time of Nobel's death. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway better suited to awarding the prize as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as Sweden. It also notes that at the end of the nineteenth century, the Norwegian parliament had become closely involved in the Inter-Parliamentary Union's efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration
Nomination
Each year, the Norwegian Nobel Committee specifically invites qualified people to submit nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize. The statutes of the Nobel Foundation specify categories of individuals who are eligible to make nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize. These are;
Members of national assemblies and governments and members of the Inter-Parliamentary Union,
Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the International Court of Justice at the Hague,
Members of Institut de Droit International,
University professors of history, political science, philosophy, law and theology, university presidents and directors of peace research and international affairs institutes,
Former recipients, including board members of organizations that have previously won the prize,
Present and past members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, and
Former permanent advisers to the Norwegian Nobel Institute
Nominations must usually be submitted to the Committee by February 1 of the year in question. Nominations by committee members can be submitted up to the date of the first Committee meeting after this deadline.
Selection
Nominations are considered by the Nobel Committee at a meeting where a short list of candidates for further review is created. This short list is then considered by permanent advisers to the Nobel institute, which consists of the Institute's Director and the Research Director and a small number of Norwegian academics with expertise in subject areas relating to the prize. Advisers usually have some months to complete reports, which are then considered by the Committee to select the laureate. The Committee seeks to achieve a unanimous decision, but this is not always possible. The Nobel Committee typically comes to a conclusion in mid-September, but occasionally the final decision has not been made until the last meeting before the official announcement at the beginning of October.
Winner of this year's Nobel Prize
LIU XIAOBO
2010 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China.
Background
Born: December 28, 1955
Place of birth: Changchun, Jilin
Nationality: China
Book Store
Books on the Liu Xiaobo
Candidates
Tzipi Livni:Livni was born in Tel Aviv in 1958. Her parents, Sarah Eitan Livni, members of the Irgun terrorist organization by the militant organization led by Menachem Begin, which was opposed to the Zionist leadership of the central days of the British Mandate over Palestine. Her father Eitan Livni, a member of the Israeli Knesset (parliament) for the Likud party between the years 1973 and 1984
Ehud Barak:
Ashkenazi
Perhaps Berlusconi
( تقرير عن مشاركة سيئة )، و الموجودة أسفل كل مشاركة .
2010-10-25, 15:49
مساعدة في الانجليزية
العرض العادي
