طلباتكم اوامر لأي بحث تريدونه بقدر المستطاع

[مـــيار]

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله وبركاته

مشكورين المجهود المبذول و كان الله في عونكم

أخي الكريم انا اريد بحث في اللغ الإنجليزية عااااااااااااااااجل جدا

عن احد الأمراض كال السكر أو القلب أو إرتفاع ضغط الدم

عافانا الله و إياكم

يكون فيه : تعريف هذا المرض أسباب الإصابة بهاذا المرض و أعراضه و مخاطره و كيف نتجنب الإصابة به ..........


و لكم كل الشكر

[محب بلاده]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة مـــيار

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله وبركاته

مشكورين المجهود المبذول و كان الله في عونكم

أخي الكريم انا اريد بحث في اللغ الإنجليزية عااااااااااااااااجل جدا

عن احد الأمراض كال السكر أو القلب أو إرتفاع ضغط الدم

عافانا الله و إياكم

يكون فيه : تعريف هذا المرض أسباب الإصابة بهاذا المرض و أعراضه و مخاطره و كيف نتجنب الإصابة به ..........


و لكم كل الشكر

DIABETES

About 16 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, a serious, life-long disorder that is, as yet, incurable. About one-third of these people do not know they have diabetes and are not under medical care. Each year, approximately 600,000 people are diagnosed with diabetes. In Illinois, approximately 500,000 persons 18 years of age and older have diagnosed diabetes.

Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk for heart disease, blindness, kidney failure and lower extremity amputations not related to injuries. Diabetes and its complications occur among Americans of all ages and racial and ethnic groups. The burden of the disease, however, is heavier among the elderly and certain racial and ethnic populations, including African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, American Indians, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders.

What is diabetes?

The term diabetes refers either to a deficiency of insulin or to the body's decreased ability to use insulin. Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, allows glucose (sugar) to enter body cells and be converted to energy. It also is needed to synthesize protein and to store fats. In uncontrolled diabetes, glucose and lipids (fats) remain in the bloodstream and, in time, damage the body's vital organs and contribute to heart disease.

There are two main types of diabetes: non-insulin dependent (type-2) and insulin dependent (type-1). Non-insulin dependent diabetes, which usually appears after the age of 40, is the most common type, affecting 90 percent - 95 percent of those who have the disease. Insulin-dependent diabetes affects the remaining proportion of those with the disease. Although this type of diabetes can occur at any age, it most often appears in childhood or during the teen years.

What are the signs of diabetes?

The signs of diabetes are frequent thirst, constant urination, unusual hunger, rapid loss of weight, and obvious weakness and fatigue.

Who is most at risk for developing diabetes?

The following have a greater risk of developing non-insulin dependent diabetes:

Those with a family history of diabetes (parents or siblings with diabetes).
Individuals who are obese (20 percent or more over ideal body weight).
Members of certain racial or ethnic groups. Those who are more likely to develop diabetes are Mexican and Puerto Rican Americans (twice as likely), African Americans (1.6 times) and Cuban Americans (1.5 times).
Those who are 45 years of age and older.
Individuals previously identified as having impaired glucose tolerance.
Individuals with hypertension or who have excessive levels of fat in their blood (hyperlipidemia).
Women who have a history of gestational diabetes during pregnancy or who have delivered babies weighing more than 9 pounds.
Can diabetes be prevented?

Non-insulin dependent diabetes often can be prevented through a healthy diet and physical activity. A number of studies have confirmed that regular exercise, especially for those who are at high risk, can prevent this type of diabetes.

Can the complications of diabetes be prevented?

A clinical study conducted by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease showed that keeping blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible slows the onset and progression of eye, kidney and nerve diseases caused by diabetes. The study concluded that lowering blood sugar levels reduces the risk of eye disease by 76 percent, of kidney disease by 50 percent, of nerve disease by 60 percent and of cardiovascular disease by 35 percent.

What is a good blood sugar level?

Everyone has some sugar in his or her blood. A good blood sugar range for most people with diabetes is from about 70 to 150. This is before a meal, such as breakfast, or four to five hours after a meal. Blood sugar should be less than 200 about two hours after your last meal. Remember, everyone is different. A good blood sugar range for one person may not be the best for someone else. Ask your physician what the best blood sugar range is for you.

What is the best way to maintain a good blood sugar level?

There are some things you can do every day to maintain a good blood sugar level and to stay healthy:

Eat healthy food. People with diabetes do not need special foods. Foods on your diabetes meal plan are good for everyone in the family. Try to eat foods that are low in fat, salt and sugar and high in fiber, such as beans, fruits and vegetables, and grains. If you use insulin, be sure to take it before you eat, eat at about the same time, and do not skip meals.
Exercise regularly. Exercise is good for your diabetes. Walking, swimming, dancing, riding a bicycle, playing baseball and bowling are all examples of good ways to exercise. Try to exercise regularly, at least three times a week for about 30 to 40 minutes each time. If you have not exercised in a while, begin slowly and gradually increase intensity and duration. Before beginning any exercise program, be sure to check with your physician.
Take your diabetes medicine. Insulin and diabetes pills are the two kinds of medicines used to lower blood sugar. If you take insulin, your physician will tell you what kind of insulin to use, how much and when to give yourself a shot. Your physician or diabetes educator will show you how and where to give yourself a shot. Always use your own needles and never share them with anyone else. If you take diabetes pills, ask your physician when to take the pills. Remember, these pills do not lower blood sugar all by themselves. You will still have to follow your diet and exercise to lower your blood sugar. If you do not use insulin or take diabetes pills, follow your physician's advice about eating and getting enough exercise.
Test your blood sugar. Ask your physician how often and when you should test your blood sugar. To test your blood, you need a small needle called a lancet, special blood testing strips and a glucose monitor (a special electronic device used to test for blood sugar). Your physician or a nurse can show you how to test your blood and give you information on glucose monitors.
Two other tests can help you keep track of your blood sugar. You may need a urine test when you are ill or if your blood sugar is above 240 before eating. This test will tell you if you have ketones in your urine. Ketones are present when there is not enough insulin in your blood; they can make you very sick. Call your physician immediately if you find ketones in your urine. The hemogloboin A1c test shows what your average blood sugar was for the past three months. Ask your physician for this test every six months