England is the largest state in the United Kingdom and shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales in the west and the Irish Sea in the north-west and the Sea of Celts in the south-west and the North Sea in the east, separated by the English Channel from the European continent to the south. It consists of mainland England from the central and southern parts of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic, also includes more than 100 small islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
Human first settled in the area now known as England in the Paleolithic period, and the origin of the word goes back to England, the Angles, one of the Teuton tribes that settled during the fifth and sixth century AD. England became a unified state the year 927 AD, and since the Age of Discovery, which began in the fifteenth century, taking the impact of cultural and legal extends and spreads slowly across the whole world. Where I grew up where the English ******** and the Anglican Church, and English law (which is the basis of the legislative system of the common law in many countries around the world), and its parliamentary system of government and accepted by a wide range of other countries. England was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution that began in the eighteenth century, and transformed the country into the first industrial nation in the world and laid the foundations of the Royal Society of modern experimental science.
Most of the territory of England plain, although there was some highland areas in the north (for example: in the Lake District, Pennines and the Yorkshire Moors) in the south and south-west (for example, Dartmoor and the Cotswolds, North and South Downs). England's capital London is the largest urban area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by all standards. The number of inhabitants of England to about 51 million people, who make up about 84% of the UK population in general, and concentrated largely in London and the South East of England and urban communities in the middle and the north-west and north-east and Yorkshire, which has established as a major industrial during the nineteenth century.
The Kingdom of England - including Wales - independent until May 1 1707, when it began the laws of the Union (in English: Acts of Union) the implementation of agreed terms by a treaty of union with the Kingdom of Scotland, which concluded a year ago, and that has led to a political union on behalf of the Kingdom of Britain Great. Then, in 1800, united Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland by the law of another union, Vantage by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 Ireland are separated from the Irish Free State made up a separate sovereign, but the Royal and Parliamentary law in 1927 to incorporate the six Irish counties in the body of the kingdom, were established United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland current.
Etymology
The name "England" from the Old English word Englaland, which means "land of the Angles". The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in England during the early Middle Ages, these people have arrived in Britain from the peninsula Ongln located in the Bay of Kiel in the Baltic Sea. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first known use of the word "England" in the year 897 AD, and was intended to refer to the southern part of the island of Britain, but in modern times, has been used for the first time in the literature in 1538 AD. It is noteworthy that the ratification of the first name happened in the first century by the Roman historian Tacitus, in his book, the title holder "Germania", where the Latin word Anglii appear in more than one ********. Despite the common belief that the name is derived from the tribe England Angles, but the Department of scientists says other theories about its origin, it has been suggested that it derives from some form Ongln Peninsula, with many angles (in English: Angular).
White Cliffs of Dover, one of the white cliffs perceived by the viewer from the sea to England, which is likely to be the last of which was derived its name.
Names of the alternative name for England, "Albion", and are often intended to refer him to the island of Britain as a whole. The afternoon of the first recording of the name of the group in the writings of Aristotle, dating back to the fourth century BC, where he said: «Beyond the Pillars of Hercules is the ocean flowing into Earth's orbit. And the two large islands called Britannia, which Algeria Albion and Irene ». Can trace the assets of the word Albion (Ancient Greek: Ἀλβίων) to two words of two: either it is derived from the Latin word "Albus" meaning white, a reference to the white cliffs of Dover, which is the first scene, who have the eyes of the beholder vector from the European continent to Britain, have been proposed alternative was found out in a booklet for Old itinerant traders anonymous, back to the sixth century BC, probably, in which he stated the island "Albiones". Called the name of "Albion" to England now, in more literary works. Names of other Romance of England: "For Orgaa" derived from the word Lloegr Welsh, in turn, derived from the legend of King Arthur. 
History
Prehistory and Antiquity
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Stonehenge, the Neolithic monument.
The oldest evidence indicating Bastitan rights in the region now known as England is a fossilized remains of man Salafi (Homo antecessor), dating back to nearly 780,000 years ago, whereas the oldest bones belonged to a man sane discovered in England are due to about 500,000 years ago. England was settled by humans mature during the upper Paleolithic, and evidence suggests that they were at the beginning of a people ordered deported, did not appear in the register of permanent settlements effects only during the past six thousand years. England continued manned by a few species of large mammals at the end of the last ice age, and these mammoth mammals, and the European bison, rhino mystic, but humans Vhgroa the region to escape the severe cold and frost. And about 11,000 years ago, when the ice sheets began to recede, humans returned to PEOPLE region again; genetic research suggests they came from the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The sea level is less than it is now, and Britain was connected by land to both Ireland and Eurasia. When the sea level rose again, about 10,000 years ago, separated from Ireland, then all Eurasia after two thousand years.
Decanter civilization emerged in England before 2500 years of birth, and left traces is a food containers made of pottery and copper. It also built the sons of many major milestones remaining such as Stonehenge and Avebury, and they melt tin and copper, both of which exist in abundance in the area, they made bronze, and knew the manufacture of iron from ore at a later time, and they were able to spin and weave sheep's wool, which make him clothes
Boudicca, the queen of the tribe, "Aesena" British Celtic, led an uprising against the Empire Romania.
[FONT="Arial Black"]During the Iron Age, settled in England several Celtic tribes, arrived from Central Europe. Has allowed the development of iron smelting industry best plow, which led to the advancement of agriculture, as well as it was possible to produce weapons more effective. The Brythonic ******** is the ******** spoken during this time, and it was a tribal society. According to the book Geography of Ptolemy, it was there for about 20 different tribes in the region, the historical period the previous remains mystery shrouded, because the British they do not know how to read and write during that period, and did not leave the books talk about their lives and their country in the present Covenant. Like many other areas on the edge of the empire, Britain enjoyed trading links with the Romans. Try Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice in 55 BC, but his conquests largely failed, but he was able to establish a monarchy client. The Romans invaded Britain in 43 AD during the reign of Emperor Claudius, and annexed the region to the Romanian empire, and named the province of Britannia. Several tribes resisted the Roman invasion of her island for years, and most of these tribes were "Katovileoni" led Karatakos. Later, an uprising led by Boudicca, Queen Aesena, led to her death at the Battle Street and Atling. This era saw widespread Greek culture Romania, which has introduced many of the features of civilization to the country, such as law, architecture Romania, and sewer systems, and established schools, and brought a lot of agricultural plants edible from Europe, and know the population on silk. In the third century, Emperor Septimius Severus died at York, including Constantine I announced at a later date himself emperor. Christianity entered the country for the first time by Joseph of Arimathea, while others claim entry through Lucius of Britain. In 410 AD, the Romans left the island, to defend the borders of the empire in continental Europe, having weakened its power and took Taatdeda wars and collapsing in front of the emperors of the Interior.
Middle Ages
Helmet celebration of the seventh century of the Kingdom of East Anglia, found in the Sutton Hoo.
Following the withdrawal of the armies of Romania, became Britain open to invasion by warriors maritime pagans such as Saxon and Jawts who took control of the surrounding areas in the south-east, and continued advancing Bvetohathm for a period of time, so could the British repulsed at the Battle of Mount Ppadun, stopped conquests for a temporary period of time, as well as enable Angles of the invasion of the Kingdom of Brythonic in the north, during the sixth century. Reliable data for this period are scarce, as is the archaeological evidence, which made historians call this the era of the dark period of history. There are several competing theories concerning the question of the stability of Alongelusakson in Britain; Some say that the number of kings was Britain and mingled with them, while others deny it, but on the whole, agree all historians that by the seventh century, appeared coherent set of kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxon Small known as "Hpatarrki , "in southern and central England, including: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex, and Wsks. Alongelusakson has been spent on Christianity in the country after entering it, and did not return to the religion of the country only by Augustine Roman year 597, and Aidan Irish. The kingdoms of Northumbria and Mercia more dominant forces on the island in that era, but all that changed after the conquests of the Vikings in the north and east of the country, where it became the Kingdom of English notable is the Wessex under the leadership of Alfred the Great, who managed his grandson Othelstan of the unification of England in 977, after the Aaadrid defeated King Eric and his ally Abu bloody ax Viking king. Scandinavians invaded England again in the late tenth century, and managed to King Canute the Great of England to join his empire that also included Denmark and Norway, however, that the strain Aloisax eventually managed to regain control of England under the leadership of King Edward the Confessor year 1042.
British victory over the French at the Battle of Agincourt.
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2014-07-08, 10:54
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