Word Stress Rules in English

سهيلة 97 · 2016-02-15, 22:27

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

Word Stress Rules in English

A few things to remember:

A word can only have one stress. In a very long word you can have a secondary stress but it is always a much -smaller stress.

Only vowels are stressed, not consonants. The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, and u. The consonants are all the -other letters.

1. Two-Syllable nouns and adjectives

In most two syllable nouns and adjectives, the first syllable takes on the stress.

Examples:
SAMples
CARton
COlorful
RAIny

2. Two-Syllable verbs and prepositions

In most two syllable verbs and prepositions, the stress is on the second syllable.

Examples:
reLAX
reCEIVE
diRECT
aMONG
aSIDE
beTWEEN
More about word stress on two-syllable words

About 80% or so of two-syllable words get their stress on the first syllable.

There are of course, exceptions to this rule, but very few nouns and adjectives get stress on their second syllable.

Verbs and prepositions usually get stress placed on the second syllable, but there are exceptions to this too.

3. Three-Syllable words

For three-syllable words, look at the word ending (the suffix), using the following as your guide:

4. Words ending in er, ly

For words ending with the suffixes er or ly, the stress is placed on the first syllable.

Examples:
ORder/ORderly
MAnage/MAnager

5. Words ending in consonants and in y

If there is a word that ends in a consonant or in a y, then the first syllable usually gets the stress.

Examples:
RARity
OPtimal
GRAdient

6. Words with various endings

Take a good look at the list of suffixes below (suffixes are word endings).

Your stress is going to come on the syllable right before the suffix. This applies to words of all syllable lengths.

Examples:
able: ADDable, DURable, LAUGHable
ial: differENTial, SOcial, fiNANcial
cian: muSIcian, phySIcian, cliNIcian
ery: BAkery, SCEnery
ian: coMEdian, ciVILian, techNIcian
ible: reSIstible, imPOSsible, TERRible
ic: arCHAic, plaTOnic, characteRIStic
ics: diaBEtics, paediAtrics, TOpics
ion: classifiCAtion, repoSItion, vegeTAtion
ia: MEdia, bacTERia, vicTORia
ient: inGREdient, PAtient, ANcient
ious: mySTERious, reLIgious, VARious
ish: SELfish, ENglish, PUnish
osis: hypNOsis, diagNOsis, osMOsis

7. Words ending in ade, ee, ese, que, ette, oon

Words that use the suffix ade, ee, ese, eer, que, ette, or oon have the primary stress actually placed on the suffix.

This applies to words of all syllable lengths.

Examples:
ade: lemoNADE, cruSADE, arCADE
ee: aGREE, jamborEE, guaranTEE
eer: sightSEER, puppeTEER
ese: SiamESE, JapanESE, chEESE
ette: cassETTE, CorvETTE, towelETTE
que: unIQUE, physIQUE
oon: baLOON, afterNOON, carTOON

8. Prefixes

Usually, prefixes do not take the stress of a word.

There are a few exceptions to this rule, however, like: un, in, pre, ex and mis, which are all stressed in their prefix.

Examples:
ex: EXample, EXplanation, EXamine
in: INside, INefficient, INterest
mis: MISspoke, MIStake, MISspelled
pre: PREcede, PREarrange, PREliminary

9. Stress on the second from the end syllable

You put stress on the second syllable from the end of the word, with words ending in ic, sion and tion.

Examples:
iCONic
hyperTENsion
nuTRItion

10. Stress on the third from end syllable

You put stress on the third from end syllable with words that end in cy, ty, phy, gy and al.

Examples:
deMOcracy
geOGraphy
ALlergy
NAUtical
CLArity

11. Word stress for compound words

A. Compound noun

A compound noun is a noun made out of two nouns that form one word. In a compound noun, the most stress is on the stressed syllable of the first word.

Examples:
SEAfood (sea + food)
ICEland (ice + land)
TOOTHpaste (tooth + paste)
FOOTball (foot + ball)
BAsketball (basket + ball)

B. Compound adjectives

A compound adjective is an adjective made of at least two words.

Often, hyphens are used in compound adjectives. In compound adjectives, the most stress is placed in the stressed syllable of the second word.

Examples:
ten-MEter
rock-SOlid
fifteen-MInute
old-FAshioned

C. Compound verbs

A compound verb is when a subject has two or more verbs. The stress is on the second or on the last part.

Examples:
Matilda loves bread but deTESTS butter.
Sarah baked *****es and ATE them up.
Dogs love to eat bones and love to DRINK water.

D. Noun + compound nouns

Noun + compound Nouns are two word compound nouns. In noun + compound noun, the stress is on the first word.

Examples:
AIRplane mechanic
PROject manager
BOARD member

12. Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs are words made from a verb and preposition.

In phrasal verbs, the second word gets the stress (the preposition).

Examples:
Black OUT
break DOWN
look OUT

13. Proper nouns

Proper nouns are specific names of people, places or things. For example: Jeniffer, Spain, Google.

The second word is always the one that takes the stress

Examples:
North DAKOTA
Mr. SMITH
Apple INCORPORATED

14. Reflexive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns show that the action affects the person who performs the action. For example: I hit myself.

The second syllable usually takes the stress.

Examples:
mySELF
themSELVES
ourSELVES

15. Numbers

If the number is a multiple of ten, the stress is placed on the first syllable.

Examples:
TEN
FIFty
ONE-hundred