Ramadan's history

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This is the 'Ramadan's History' subject; so it basically means I will list you the importan historic events that took place during the 30 days of Ramadan, in the past; distant and near

Notice the following: AH means After Hijra, which is the Hijri calender, while AD is the georgian calender; AD means Anno Domini, which translates to 'In the year of the lord' in medieval latin

I hope you enjoy this subject


1st of Ramadan


a) 2 AH (624 AD): is the first Ramadan Muslims fast; it's said that fasting was enforced a month earlier in Shaban


b) 114 AH (732 AD): Battle of Tours in the reign of Ummayad caliph Hisham bin Abdul Malik between Abdul Rahman Al Ghafigi Charles Martel. Muslims' defeat in this battle resulted in their loss of final attempt to inject Islam in the western world, and it was named Balat Al Shuhada because of its massive Muslim casualties

c) 1286 AH (1869 AD): Shakaib Arsalan was born. He was a major icon in advocating Arabic nationalism and was a strong opponent of occupation. He was the first to call for the establishment of the Arab League, an organization of the 22 Arabic states that was established 77 years later on 1946 AD. He also advocated the proposition that the survival of the Ottoman Empire was the only guarantee against the division of the ummah and its occupation by the European imperial powers



2nd of Ramadan


AH 82 (624 AD): Muslim general Al Hassan ibn Al Numan conquers the whole of the Moroccan lands against the Berbers


AH 132 (750 AD): Abdulla Abu Al Abbas seizes Damascus, in turn establishing the Abbasid caliphate over the Umayyad caliphate


AH 732 (1332 AD): Ibn Khaldoun is born. He was a famous historian, scholar, theologian, and statesman born in North Africa in present-day Tunisia. He is considered the forerunner of several social scientific disciplines: demography, cultural history, historiography, the philosophy of history, sociology, and modern economics. He is sometimes considered to be a "father" of these disciplines, or even the social sciences in general, for anticipating many elements of these disciplines centuries before they were founded. He is best known for his Muqaddimah (known as Prolegomenon in Greek), the first volume of his book on universal history, Kitab al-Ibar



3rd of Ramadan



AH 65 (685 AD): Marwan ibn Al Hakam, founder of the second Umayyad dynasty dies. Marwan's short reign was marked by a civil war among the Umayyads as well as a war against Abdullah ibn Zubayr who continued to rule over the Hejaz, Iraq, Egypt and parts of Syria. Marwan was able to win the Umayyad civil war, the result of which was a new Marwanid line of Umayyad caliphs. He was also able to recapture Egypt and Syria from Abdullah, but was not able to completely defeat him


AH 1307 (1890 AD): The Muslim general Rabih az-Zubayr dies. Az-Zubayr established an Islamic kingdom in Chad, but was later taken over by the invading French army


AH 1362 (1943 AD): Italy surrenders to the Allied forces in World War2. Italy became involved in the war after its alliance with Germany in 1940, however after its successive defeats a surrender to the British and American forces was inevitable




4th of Ramadan



1073 AH 1073 (N/A): The Ottoman empire declares war on Germany 56 years after the Sitfaturk treaty that brought a halt to the previous war between the two states; which was sparked due to the Germans building a fortified tower near its border with the Ottoman empire

AD 1032: People of Cordoba convened to elect their leader after they've eliminated their previous Barber leader Al Qassim bin Hammod. The Umayyad Abdul Rahman bin Hisham was elected their caliph after three weeks of none-leadership status


AH 927 (1521 AD): Suleiman the Magnificent conquers Belgrade, a key to central Europe and home to the strongest towers near the Ottoman Empire. Ottomans besieged this city three times in the past, in 1441, 1456 and 1492, but were only able to seize it in Suleiman's reign