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أدوات الموضوع | انواع عرض الموضوع |
2011-12-04, 19:01
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أخي تفضل فقرة عنها= |
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2011-12-04, 19:16
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2011-12-04, 19:33
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تعريف الكمبيوتر |
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2011-12-04, 19:46
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الأنترنت
نسخة بالإنجليزية Internet is a group of connected computer networks, which includes computers linked around the world, and that the exchange of data between them by switching packets following the standardized Internet Protocol (IP). Internet offers many services such as the World Wide Web (Web), and communication technologies, and e-mail, and file transfer protocols FTP. The Internet is a phenomenon of today's social and cultural impact in all parts of the world, and has led to change the traditional concepts of several such areas as employment, education, trade and the emergence of another form of the information society.  Definition of the Internet Internet name in English (English: Internet) consists of the prefix inter means "between" and the word net means "network", the "network interfaces" and the name sign on the structure of the Internet as "a network of networks" or network of networks " (in English: a network of networks), or (in English: interconnected networks), and with this has spread error in the Arab media called "the international network of information", thinking that the section inter in the name is a shortcut word "international" which means "international". As its name implies, the Internet is a network between multiple networks managed in isolation from the others are decentralized and do not depend in any of them run on the others, may also be used internally in each computer and network technologies are different, and what unites them is These networks communicate through gates linked by a common standard is a protocol Protocol on the Internet. And with this in the current era used the vast majority of the component networks of the Internet Protocol Internet internally, due to the technical features and because of the accumulated experience in the operation and maintenance, and also because of the prevalence of hardware and operating systems that implement this protocol and is supported in principle. Technology of computer networks and the Internet Internet or expresses sometimes abbreviated "network" as the English call the users of The Net. Is not what they seem at first glance, the Internet depends what is known in the science of network design as a "design a simple," because the Internet is doing a single initial, simple, and it is the delivery of a digital message between two nodes each address a distinguished road "storage and scroll" store and forward between the holding of many between the sending node and receiving node, and so can not predict in advance the path that will take him the message across the network as the message can be divided into parts each of which take a different path and arrive in the order of their original order, which is to be on the receiving node rearranges the message.Do not put the Internet any prior assumptions about the nature of the message and its ******* or purpose of sending them or how to use them and do not try to make any handlers on the message or ******* is what it takes to be sent between the two points. All the "intelligence" of the virtual network is shown in fact in the application layer above the transport layer, and all value added in the work of the network lies on the edges and not in her heart, which consists of marches (routers) do not distinguish between messages, whether it carries a message mailing, or stream video, or data for any application or service based on the Internet. On this infrastructure to deliver data based many applications such as mail and file transfer and the flow of video and audio, and chat and chat, and many others, and can thus transfer of any digital data. Inter Nate in itself does not contain information, but rather is a means to transfer the information stored in files or documents in a computer automated to a computer to another. It is therefore common mistake to say that the information found on the Internet and the information is correct to say that I found through the use of the Inter Nate. From the beginning the Internet was designed to be resistant to the crash. The most important element is free from the master node or place a major traffic lines have to do. Thus, there are a number of alternative lines when sending your information over the network and determine the way only when the transfer of information depending on the vacancy of the line pressure and disruption of the line when another line is being used for. However, this decentralization of the technical side is not followed on the management side of the network, so-called government of the Internet ICANN ICANN is the body supervising internationally to issue IP addresses and track indirectly to the United States of America, and is administered by the contract the main DNS in more countries in the world. History of the Internet The Internet was a result of the Arpanet project, launched in 1969, a project of the U.S. Department of Defense. This project was established to link universities and research institutions to exploit the optimal computational capabilities of computers available. In the first of January 1983 and replaced the United States Department of Defense NCP protocol in force in the network and replaced it by the Protocol of TCP / IP. Of the things that contributed to the growth of the network is to link the "National Science Foundation" Universities United States to each other, which facilitated the process of communication between university students and exchange of electronic messages and information, to enter the universities to the grid, took the network in the expansion and progress and taken it college students contribute their knowledge and saw the light browser "Mosaic", and the researcher "Gopher" and "Archie," but rather that the giant company, "Netscape" is originally from the efforts of the students before they adopted the commercial mind and lead them to what it later. Does not have the engineers who planned the network in its infancy, the lowest figure out what led to the network today, and attributed its success today, the giant of decentralization of the network or in other words, no one party controls the course of events on the network. Governs the network protocol to communicate and decide which are the work of this Protocol, "Internet engineers" are independently examine and decide what kinds of protocol applicable to various network services (HTTP, FTP, IRC), etc. .. Architects of the Internet are the success factors of a network where the public and open for all to give any opinion. Without the Internet, I would sit at home and read this article and for its many large companies that exist today that rely on providing services in the Internet. Not going to use the Internet extensively until the early nineties of the twentieth century, although Tovralttabiqat basic guidelines that make it possible to use the Internet and has existed for nearly a decade. On 6 August / August 1991, and in the European laboratory for particle physics and CERN, which is located on the border between France and Switzerland, the publication of the draft Alaalmihaloib network and which was invented by English scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. There developed a browser for the Web violawww, based on the hypercard. To the right web browser "Mosaic" MOSAIC. In 1993, the National Center for supercomputing applications at the University of Illinois has released version 1.0 of the MOSAIC "Mosaic", and by late 1994 there was a marked increase in the public interest in what was formerly the interest of academics only. By 1996 use of the word has become the Internet has become common, and therefore, it was a cause of confusion in the use of the word Internet as a signal to the network Alaalmihaloib. In the meantime, over the decade, the use of Internet steadily. During the nineties, it was estimated that the Internet has increased by 100% annually, with a brief period of explosive growth in 1996 and 1997. This growth is often due to the lack of central administration, which allows organic growth of the network, and also because of the property open for Internet protocols, which encourages individuals and companies to develop Systems and sold it also prevents one company from exercising too much control over the network. Common uses of the Internet The World Wide Web A lot of people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web (or Web only) that they are similar or the same thing. But in fact the two terms is synonymous. Internet is a collection of computer networks connected together by copper wire and fiber optic cables and wireless connections Wireless and so on. On the contrary, the web is a collection of documents and related sources together, linked with each other through high-links Hyperlinks and Internet addresses, URLs. Otherwise, the global network one of the services that can be accessed through the Internet, like e-mail, file sharing, File Sharing, and others. Programs that can access web resources called the User Agent User Agent. In the normal case, web browsers such as Internet Explorer Internet Explorer or Firefox Firefox you access web pages and enables the user to roam from page to page via hyperlinks. Web page can contain almost a combination of computer data, including photographs, graphics Graphics, audio, text, video, multimedia and interactive *******s Interactive *******s including games and more. Remote login Internet allows computer users to contact with computers and other information stores easily, regardless of place of the world. This is known as remote access Remote Access. Can be done without the use of techniques that protect or encrypt or document Authentication. This encourages new types of domestic work, and information sharing in many industries. Cooperative systems We have the low cost of communication over the Internet and exchange of ideas and knowledge, and skills to the development of collaborative work dramatically and the emergence of cooperative systems. Is not possible to just connect a cheap and widely through the Internet, but allows for groups with similar interests can create cross-site easily. An example is the free software movement in software development, which produced a system for Linux and GNU GNU from scratch and took over development of Mozilla and OpenOffice.org (formerly known as Netscape Communicator and Star Office). Films such as Zeitgeist Zeitgeist has had extensive coverage on the Internet, while being almost ignored in the mainstream media. Online chatting, and whether in the form of IRC channels, or Channels, or through instant messaging allows colleagues to stay in touch through a very convenient way of working at their computers all the time. The exchange of files, whether they contain images or voice any other type of files and supports the joint work between team members. Control systems allow to release copies of joint working groups and Amlhaly sets of documents of cooperation in their work. Thus, to avoid being clear what was written by a colleague inadvertently and that every team members collaborating to create each of the documents and add their ideas and add the changes. There is currently no other systems in this area, such as Google Calendar google calendar, or BSCW system or SharePoint Microsoft. Sharepo Voice (VoIP) Voice over IP VOIP depends on the transfer of sound through the Internet Protocol. This phenomenon began as a choice and utility systems, IRC chat for the transfer of sound in one direction. Spread in recent years many VoIP systems have also become easy to use and comfortable as standard telephone. These regimes is the use of the Internet promising cost much less than regular phone call, especially for long distances. The sound quality is still often vary from floor to floor and you'll need a few time until the same quality as organs of conventional telephone. VoIP is becoming increasingly popular in the world of play, as a form of communication between the players. Of the most popular systems in the field of voice over the Internet is a system ***** Service feed Service feed is a service that was able to follow what comes in the ********s provided by the-go without the need to rotate them to visit in order to verify whether the new has been published by, and it is not the way that prevailed in advance does not require actually on the site because the user is requesting this type of ******* accidentally readers Feeds, whenever you want to phase operating the same which they operate, Web browsers, and does not require disclosure of any amount of personal data by the user of the site, not even an e-mail address, and this Valmtgm only where is the user, and you can not use it does not please him or imposed on it. Altgayma include in its simplest form a title and a summary of the subject, and a link to the full text of the news on the topic publisher. There are several formats for the dissemination of Feeds, including RSS and Atom and RDF. Internet Marketing Internet has become a large market for companies, large companies have inflated some of the work that took advantages of low cost of advertising and trade online, which is known as e-commerce E-Commerce. It is considered the fastest way to disseminate information to a large number of individuals. As a result, the work of the Internet revolution in the world of shopping. As an example, a person can be asked to buy a compact disc online will had received via regular mail within two days, or can be downloaded directly via the internet if possible. Internet has also facilitated the process of shopping profile, which allows a company to market a product for a particular person or group of people better than any ad center. As examples of personal shopping, online communities, and entered by thousands of Internet users to declare themselves and hold friendships over the Internet. Since the users of these communities between the ages of 13 and 25 years old, when they declare themselves therefore they declare their hobbies and interests, and here, here you can online marketing companies use this information to advertise products that meet their desires and interests. Internet use in the world The number of Internet users in the world 1.319 billion people in December 2007, China is the first countries in the world in the number of Internet users, who numbered the 221 million in the month of Febraury 2008 |
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2011-12-04, 20:33
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رقم المشاركة : 11 | |||
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ثوااااااااااااااااااااني فقط |
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2011-12-04, 20:39
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رقم المشاركة : 12 | |||
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اتبع الرابط التالي |
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2011-12-05, 16:26
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رقم المشاركة : 14 | |||
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أختي حسب رأيي راهم منظمين |
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