شرح دروس فزياء 4 متوسط

[ABDENNOURBATNANAILI]

التكهرب:
عند دلك بعض الاجسام الخفيفة بمواد معينة يمكن لها جذب بعض الاشياء الخفيفة سميت هذه الظاهرة بالتكهرب وتتم بــ: الدلك.التاثير.اللمس
*تعريف الشحنة الكهربائية.كمية كهرباء يمتلكها الجسم عند تكهربه رمزهـــــــا q
وتقاس بحودة الكولوم رمزها c
انواع الشحنات الكهربائية
موجبة + مثل التي يكتسبها الزجاج عند تكهربه
سالبة - // // // الايبونيت او البلاستيك عند تكهربه
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
الذرة
النموذج الكوكبي للذرة



1-الالكترونات: تحمل شحنة كهربائية موجبة تدول حول النواة
2-النواة:
أ-البروتونات:تحمل شحنة موجبة
ب-النترونات:عديمة الشحنة
******************************
شحنة الالكترونات شحنة عنصرية سالبة


=-e
شحنة البروتونات شحنة عنصرية موجبة
=+e

التحريض الكهرومغناطيسي:
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الملاحظة:انحراف مؤشر الغلفانومتر
الاستنتاج:تولد تيار كهربائي يسمى التيار الكهربائي المحرض
الوشيعة :عنصر متحرض
المغناطيس:عنصر محرض

اكتشاف منوب كهربائي:





طريقة وكيفية عمله :يعتمد على التحريض الكهرمغناطيسي فعندما يحتك القرص بعجلة الدراجة او دورانه يدير المغناطيس قرب الوشيعة فيتحرض تيار كهربائي متناوب

التيار والتوتر الكهربائيان المتناوبان :
لقد درست هذا العام الماضي لكن لا حرج في التذكير
التيار المستمر : رمزه = ـــ DC
مصدره البطاريات والاعمدة الكهربائية
له جهة واحدة من + الى -

الــــــــــــمتناوب:
رمزه

مصدره المنوبات الكهربائية (الدينامو)
جهته

جهته تتغير في حهتين متعاكستين

المقادير المميزة:

1-التوتر الاعظمي
umax
اكبر قيمة يسجلها التوتر
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
2-الدور T
هو زمن منحني واحد
بالاحرى زمن نوبتين
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
3-التواتر F
يعبر عن سرعة التغير وهو عدد الادوار خلال وحدة الزمن s



وحدة قياسه الهرتز رمزها Hz
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
4-التوتر المنتج
هي قيمة التوتر المتناوب المسجلة على جهاز الفولط متر
رمزه ueff

[ABDENNOURBATNANAILI]

استعمال راسم الاهتزاز المهبطي:

يمكن ان نضبط sh على off 0 لا نعمل بالزمن بالاحرى لا نعمل بالمسح واذ لم يصبط على 0 هكذا نكون نعمل بالمسح

فائدتــــــــــــــــــــه:تحديد طبيعة التوتر


حساب التوتر الاعظمي والدور
عند ضبط الجهاز على
3v/div
0.2s/div
يظهر البيان التالي



umax=الحساسية العمودية*عدد المربعات
اي
umax=sv*n
umax=3v/div * 3div
=9v

ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
حساب T
T=sh*n
T=0.2s/div * 8div
=1.6s










مع تمنياتي لكم بالنجاح وساواصل مساعدة الاعضاء المشاركين قدر المستطاع
فكل درس افهم واحس بانه صعب اشرحه ليستفيد الجميع كما استفيد من شرح بعض الاعضاء المشاركين