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Malala Yousafzai
Malala Yousafzai, (born July 12, 1997, Mingora, Swat Valley,
Pakistan), Pakistani activist who, while a teenager, spoke out publicly against the
Taliban’s prohibition on the
education of girls. She gained global attention when she survived an assassination attempt at age 15. In 2014 Yousafzai and
Kailash Satyarthi were jointly awarded the
Nobel Prize for Peace recognizing their efforts on behalf of children’s
rights.
The daughter of an outspoken social activist and educator, Yousafzai was an excellent student. Her father—who established and administered the school she attended, Khushal Girls High School and College in the city of Mingora—encouraged her to follow in his path. In 2007 the Swat Valley, once a vacation destination, was invaded by the
Taliban. Led by Maulana Fazlullah, the Pakistani Taliban began imposing strict
Islamic law, destroying or shutting down girls’ schools, banning
women from any active role in society, and carrying out
suicide bombings. Yousafzai and her family fled the region for their safety, but they returned when tensions and violence eased.
On September 1, 2008, when Yousafzai was 11 years old, her father took her to a local press club in
Peshawar to protest the school closings, and she gave her first speech—“How Dare the Taliban Take Away My Basic Right to Education?” Her speech was publicized throughout Pakistan. Toward the end of 2008, the Taliban announced that all girls’ schools in Swat would be shut down on January 15, 2009. The
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) approached Yousafzai’s father in search of someone who might blog for them about what it was like to live under Taliban rule. Under the name Gul Makai, Yousafzai began writing regular entries for BBC Urdu about her daily life. She wrote from January through the beginning of March of that year 35 entries that were also translated into English. Meanwhile, the Taliban shut down all girls’ schools in Swat and blew up more than 100 of them.
In February 2009 Yousafzai made her first television appearance, when she was interviewed by Pakistani journalist and talk show host Hamid Mir on the Pakistan current events show
Capital Talk. In late February the Taliban, responding to an increasing backlash throughout Pakistan, agreed to a cease-fire, lifted the restriction against girls, and allowed them to attend school on the condition that they wear burkas. However, violence resurged only a few months later, in May, and the Yousafzai family was forced to seek refuge outside of Swat until the Pakistani army was able to push the Taliban out. In early 2009
The New York Times reporter Adam Ellick worked with Yousafzai to make a documentary,
Class Dismissed, a 13-minute piece about the school shutdown. Ellick made a second film with her, titled
A Schoolgirl’s Odyssey.
The New York Times posted both films on their Web site in 2009. That summer she met with U.S. special envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan
Richard Holbrooke and asked him to help with her effort to protect the education of girls in Pakistan.
With Yousafzai’s continuing television appearances and coverage in the local and international media, it had become apparent by December 2009 that she was the BBC’s young blogger. Once her identity was known, she began to receive widespread recognition for her
activism. In October 2011 she was nominated by human rights activist
Desmond Tutu for the International Children’s Peace Prize. In December of that year she was awarded Pakistan’s first National Youth Peace Prize (later renamed the National Malala Peace Prize).
On October 9, 2012, Yousafzai was shot in the head by a Taliban gunman while she was en route home from school. Fazlullah and the Pakistani Taliban took responsibility for the attempt on her life. She survived the attack and was flown from Peshawar to
Birmingham, England, for surgery. The incident elicited protests, and her cause was taken up around the world, including by the UN special envoy for global education,
Gordon Brown, who introduced a petition that called for all children around the world to be back in school by 2015. That petition led to the ratification of Pakistan’s first Right to Education bill. In December 2012 Pakistani President
Asif Ali Zardari announced the launch of a $10 million education fund in Yousafzai’s honour. About the same time, the Malala Fund was established by the Vital Voices Global Partnership to support education for all girls around the world
Yousafzai recovered, staying with her family in Birmingham, where she returned to her studies and to activism. On July 12, 2013, her 16th birthday, for the first time since being shot she made a public appearance and addressed an audience of 500 at the
United Nations in
New York City. Among her many awards, in 2013 Yousafzai won the United Nations Human Rights Prize, awarded every five years. She was named one of
Time magazine’s most-influential people in 2013 and appeared on one of the seven covers that were printed for that issue. With Christina Lamb (foreign correspondent for
The Sunday Times), Yousafzai coauthored a memoir,
I Am Malala: The Girl Who Stood Up for Education and Was Shot by the Taliban (2013). In 2014 she became the youngest
person to win the Liberty Medal, awarded by the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia to public figures striving for people’s freedom throughout the world. Nominated for the
Nobel Peace Prize in 2013 but passed over that year, Yousafzai in 2014 became the youngest recipient in the history of the prize.
Her life, before and after the attack she endured, was examined in the documentary
He Named Me Malala (2015). The title referenced the fact that Yousafzai had been named for the Afghan heroine Malalai, or Malala, who purportedly led her people to victory against the British in the 1880 Battle of Maiwand.
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2015-11-06, 09:58
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