Every sentence in English has S فاعل Vفعل O مفعول به {ACTIVE}
كل جملة في اللغة الانجليزية تبدأ بفاعل ثم فعل ثم مفعول به و هذه عندما يكون الفاعل معروف تسمى(معلوم)
But in passive Oمفعول به + Helping verbفعل مساعد+ p.p التصريف الثالث{ passive }
عندما تبدأ الجملة بمفعول به فإنها تسمى ( مجهول )
للتحويل من المبني للمعلوم إلى المبني للمجهول :
1- المفعول به يصبح فاعل آي نضعه في أول الجملة
2-نضع فعل مساعد بعد المفعول به مناسب للزمن
3- نضع الفعل في التصريف الثالث
4- نضع الفاعل مسبوقا بـ
5- أي زيادة في الجملة توضع في النهاية
Tense Active Passive
1- present simple cleans am /is /are + p.p {cleaned}
2-past simple cleaned was /were +p.p
3-present continuous am /is/are cleaning am/ is/are being +p.p
4- past continuous was/were cleaning was /were +being +p.p
5-present perfect have /has +p.p have /has + been + p.p
6-past perfect had +p.p had + been + p.p
7-future will +infinitive will be +p.p
ملاحظات مهمة :
عندما تكون الجملة في المضارع البسيط فإننا نستعمل am /is /are + p.p
عندما تكون الجملة في الماضي البسيط فإننا نستعمل was /were +p.p
عندما تكون الجملة في المضارع المستمر فإننا نستعمل am/ is/are being +p.p
عندما تكون الجملة في الماضي المستمر فإننا نستعمل was /were +being +p.p
عندما تكون الجملة في المضارع التام فإننا نستعمل have /has + been + p.p
عندما تكون الجملة في الماضي التام فإننا نستعمل had + been + p.p
عندما تكون الجملة في المستقبل البسيط فإننا نستعمل will be +p.p
ا لضمير pronouns H.Vفعل مساعد
I am was
You are were
He
She
It
We
They
الأمثلة/ حول الجمل التالية إلى مبني للمجهول
1- People speak English all over the world.مبني للمعلوم
الفاعل الفعل المفعول به
English is spoken by people all over the world.مبني للمجهول
2- The ancient Egyptians built the Pyramids. مبني للمعلوم
الفاعل الفعل المفعول به
The Pyramids were built by the ancient Egyptians. مبني للمجهول
3- The farmer is planting some trees. مبني للمعلوم
الفاعل الفعل المفعول به
Some trees are being planted by the farmer.
Change into passive:
1-The people gave the leader a warm welcome.
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2- They promise the players a lot of presents if they won the match.
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3-Some one orders the brothers to leave the classroom.
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4-I shall give the photos to my uncle.
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5-The girl has found the cat.
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6-You were not correcting my home work.
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7- Ali is writing a letter now.
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8- They are playing foot ball.
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Choose the correct answer :
Anew factory ( will built – has built –will be built ) in Rafah .
My uncle house (is painted –painted – was painted )last month .
The farmers {have planted – haven’t been planted- have planted}the rice yet.
The Pyramids (built – are being built – were built }by the ancient Egyptians .
Connectors
Connector are words which join sentences or phrases to understand the meaning better
الروابط هي عبارة عن كلمات تربط بين جملتين بينهما علاقة ما
And "العطف" و واو
تستخدم لربط جملتين بينهما ترابط وتشابه في الأفكار
He opened the T.V and watched cartoons .
They closed the door and went out .
But لكن
تربط بين جملتين بينهما تناقض و اختلاف في الأفكار
They studied hard but he didn’t pass the exam .
He ran very quickly but he didn’t win.
So لذلك
تستخدم لربط بين جملتين بينهما سبب ونتيجة يأتي بعدها النتيجة
He didn’t study hard , so he failed .
He was very ill , so he didn’t go to school .
Because بسبب
تستخدم لربط بين جملتين بينهما سبب ونتيجة يأتي بعدها السبب
He didn’t come to school ,because he was ill .
He failed because he didn’t study hard .
Although على الرغم
تستخدم لربط بين جملتين بينهما تناقض واختلاف في الأفكار
Although he was rich , he was sad .
Although they played a good match .
Finish he sentences:
{ and – but – so – because – although }
1- I didn't like the film, --------------- I left the cinema.
2- He didn't catch the train ---------------- he was late.
3- He was ill ,------------- he didn't go to school.
4- Fatma carried an umbrella --------------- it was raining.
5- -------------- I like Egypt, I don't want to live there.
6- I switched on the TV ----------------- watched a film.
7- I waited him for two hours, ------------ he didn't came.
Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets:
1- My uncle's car is very old, but it works well. ( Although)
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2- Although I got up early, I was late for school. ( but)
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3- Mr Ahmed is a good teacher, so the students like him. ( because)
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4- He was very proud of his sun because he got full marks. ( so )
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Join these sentences
I bought anew car. I bought anew mobile. { and }
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He is bad. He is clever. { but }
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I go to the mosque ______ pray. { so – and-to}
He didn’t come to school .He was ill. {so }
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My fathers car is very old , but it works very well . { Although }
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Present perfect continuous المضارع التام المستمر
يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حث وقع جزء منه وتم في الماضي ولكنه مستمر حتى الآن
Form: التكوين has /have + been + v + ing
Examples: الأمثلة
I have been studying in this school for two years.
She has been dancing since 7 pm .
Answer the following questions :
How long have you been going to this school?
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How long have you been learning English ?
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How long have you been living in Rafah ?
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Choose the correct answer:
1- They ( lived- are living- have been living) in Rafah since 1995.
2- I have been studying English ( to-for-since) five years now.
3- His hands aren't clean. He (has been mending- mends- was mending) the car.
Congratulation and Sympathy
Congratulationالتهنئة Replies الرد
Congratulation
Well done
Great news about……………..
What great / wonderful /fantastic news Thanks! I am very pleased.
Yes, I can’t believe myself.
Yes, I am really pleased.
Yes, we are delighted.
Sympathy التعاطف Replies الرد
I am sorry to hear your bad news
I was so/ terribly sorry to hear about I know, it’s terrible/Awful isn’t it.
Well, it can’t be helped.
Well, never mind.
يمكنك استخدامها عندما تريد تهنئة شخص معين Congratulation
تستخدم للرد على الكلمة السابقة Thanks
تستخدم عند سماع خبر سيئ I am sorry to hear your bad news
تستخدم للرد على الكلمة السابقة Well, never mind
What would you say when:
You meet your friend Ashraf who succeeded in his exam.
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You meet a friend you love.
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You asked your classmate to give you his dictionary.
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You made a mistake.
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Your friend Wesam shows you a nice picture he has drawn.
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Your friend’s father has had an accident.
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Your friend is pleased that you won a prize.
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Fill in :
Developments تطوير take place حدثت cities مدن reason سبب provide تمنح government حكومة overcrowded مزدحم transport مواصلات goods بضائع extended امتدت quick سريع cheap رخيص reduce تقلل pollution التلوث farmland ارض زراعية system نظام trading partners شركاء العمل reclaim استصلاح desert صحراء cannal قناة cause تسبب communicate يتواصل paint يدهن expert خبير include يشمل broadcast يذيع deلالالالالالاion وصف editor محرر viewers مشاهدين cultivated مزروعة
Many developments ________________ every year .
New factories _________________ work for people.
Our classes are _____________ in our country .
We use English to ___________ with foreigners .
I am going to __________ next week .
We must turn desert into ____________ .
When we watch TV we are called _____________.
Good luck