مساعدة في مشروع الانجليزية [الأرشيف] - منتديات الجلفة لكل الجزائريين و العرب

صوت المستقبل

2011-12-16, 17:27

Definition of enverment.
The sum total of all surroundings of a living organism, including natural forces and other living things, which provide conditions for development and growth as well as of danger and damage.
. Enverment facter.
An identifiable element in the physical, cultural, demographic, economic, political, regulatory, or technological environment that affects the survival, operations, and growth of an organizati on.

The prombleme of envermernt .
1the Deferent type of pollution :
Definition of pollution :

Pollution is the introduction into the air, water or ground of toxic substances that are damaging to human health andecosystems . It is mainly linked with human activity: discharge of domestic, industrial and agricultural waste; application of pesticides by farmers; leaks of radioactive materials; gas emissions into the atmosphere etc)..
Air pollution
.

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere.
How keep air clear? .

Every day tips
• Conserve energy—at home, at work, everywhere.
• Follow gasoline refueling instructions for efficient vapor recovery. Be careful not to spill fuel and always tighten your gas cap securely.
• Keep car, boat, and other engines tuned up according to manufacturers' specification.
• Be sure your tires are properly inflated.
• Carpool, use public transportation, bike, or walk whenever possible.
• Use environmentally safe paints and cleaning products whenever possible.
• Some products that you use at your home or office are made with smog-forming chemicals that can evaporate into the air when you use them. Follow manufacturers' recommendations for use and properly seal cleaners, paints, and other chemicals to prevent evaporation into the air.
Ozone Action Day tips:
• Conserve electricity and set your air conditioner at a higher temperature.
• Choose a cleaner commute—share a ride to work or use public transportation. Bicycle or walk to errands when possible.
• Defer use of gasoline-powered lawn and garden equipment.
• Refuel cars and trucks after dusk.
• Combine errands and reduce trips.
• Limit engine idling.
• Use household, workshop, and garden chemicals in ways that keep evaporation to a minimum, or try to delay using them w.
Water pollution. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds..

How keep water clear?.

If you want to help keep our waters clean, there are many things you can do to help. You can prevent water pollution of nearby rivers and lakes as well as groundwater and drinking water by following some simple guidelines in your everyday life.
• Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not necessary. This helps prevent water shortages and reduces the amount of contaminated water that needs treatment.
• Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don’t throw paints, oils or other forms of litter down the drain.
• Use environmentally household products, such as washing powder, household cleaning agents and toiletries.
• Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilisers. This will prevent runoffs of the material into nearby water sources.
• By having more plants in your garden you are preventing fertiliser, pesticides and contaminated water from running off into nearby water sources.
• Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean up any litter you see on beaches or in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a nearby dustbin..

land pollution

Land polution is a pollution in land only. It can cause any types of disease that may cause of death. The responsible agencies of this are DENR(Department of Environment and Natural Resources, government agencies, and Local government units..

how keep earth clear .

To save our environment and stop the increase of land pollution we must be motivated to consider the inheritors of the Earth, our descendants. What will our children's children have to deal with if we don't make an attempt to control toxins now? A people-idea-exchanging, eco-friendly website,Saving Our Environment, suggests these tips:

• Domestic or human waste - Instead of dumping human waste into designated landfills, much of our waste can be recycled or incinerated to lessen pollutants. State and federal governments need to design, enforce, and control the best ways to deal with domestic waste.
• Agricultural waste - Plant-based insecticides should be used by farmers and with more affordable pricing. If a farmer has a choice of a cheaper insecticide that is not good for the land compared to a more expensive eco-friendly product, which one do you think they will choose? Governments and manufacturers of harmful insecticides need to be more proactive in developing affordable pesticides.
• Industrial Waste - This type of waste comes from mining and mining pools where predetermined holes are used to dump mining waste. Mining and other industrial wastes will contaminate the soil over a period and, again, rules and regulations on how to deal with mining and industrial waste should be addressed and enforced.
• Conservation - To deal with the human element of waste, communities must join to reduce waste, recycle waste or reuse waste. Recycling the waste from our homes is as easy as designating containers for plastics, glass, ****ls, and paper. Once these types of wastes are mixed, it's hard to recycle them. For example, you can turn food waste into compost for gardening and farming. Glass, plastics, and ****ls can be returned and recycled at the manufacturer level; however if they can't receive the recycled materials in a single form, the effort fails..
• Global warming

Definition of global warming.
higher temperatures in the world which result in changes to the global climate. (noun).
Causes of global warming .
obal Warming is caused by many things. The causes lare split up into two groups, man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.
Natural Causes
Natural causes are causes created by nature. One natural cause is a release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas. A greenhouse gas is a gas that traps heat in the earth's atmosphere. Another natural cause is that the earth goes through a cycle of climate change. This climate change usually lasts about 40,000 years.
Man-made Causes
Man-made causes probably do the most damage. There are many man-made causes. Pollution is one of the biggest man-made problems. Pollution comes in many shapes and sizes. Burning fossil fuels is one thing that causes pollution. Fossil fuels are fuels made of organic matter such as coal, or oil. When fossil fuels are burned they give off a green house gas called CO2. Also mining coal and oil allows methane to escape. How does it escape? Methane is naturally in the ground. When coal or oil is mined you have to dig up the earth a little. When you dig up the fossil fuels you dig up the methane as well.
Another major man-made cause of Global Warming is population. More people means more food, and more methods of transportation, right? That means more methane because there will be more burning of fossil fuels, and more agriculture. Now your probably thinking, "Wait a minute, you said agriculture is going to be damaged by Global Warming, but now you're saying agriculture is going to help cause Global Warming?" Well, have you ever been in a barn filled with animals and you smell something terrible? You're smelling methane. Another source of methane is manure. Because more food is needed we have to raise food. Animals like cows are a source of food which means more manure and methane. Another problem with the increasing population is transportation. More people means more cars, and more cars means more pollution. Also, many people have more than one car.
Since CO2 contributes to global warming, the increase in population makes the problem worse because we breathe out CO2. Also, the trees that convert our CO2 to oxygen are being demolished because we're using the land that we cut the trees down from as property for our homes and buildings. We are not replacing the trees (an important part of our eco system), so we are constantly taking advantage of our natural resources and giving nothing back in return.
Save earth of global warming .

1.Automobiles stay ahead of everything in the emission of carbon, so as for as possible try to avoid using your automobile for short distances.
2.Instead of everybody using their own vehicle if some of you are working in the same area and living in the same area you can share one vehicle.
3.Now everything can be done through net instead of going to the banks, stations, markets and etc you can do the same by sitting at your home in front of your system.
4. You can reduce the usage of your refrigerator, If you think that how much my refrigerator is going stand as a cause, don't see as one refrigerator of your home count the no of refrigerators around the world in each home and shops, Hotels etc,.
5.Start using the recycle base articles, change from plastic to paper.
6.We can change ourselves to use cotton cloths than silk rayon cloths.
7.As much as possible use cotton bags or paper bags than plastic bags.
8.Instead of searching for a solution how to destroy the used batteries, start using rechargeable batteries.
9.The waste water that is been let out in the process of leather tanning process spoils the soil and its fertility either we should reuse the water through water treatment plants or we should avoid using leather articles.
10.Let us avoid use and throw articles in our daily uses because almost 90 percent of these kind of articles are being made of plastics.
11.Let us grow at least a tree in every house.
12.To stop the forests getting destroyed, the heart of mother nature you can simply avoid using wooden articles.
13. Attend all your vehicles schedule check ups without fail, to Keep your vehicles in good condition and intact .
14.Give special attention to the carburetor, and silencer of your vehicle.
15.Scientists say even the chemicals used for domestic cleaning also destroys the atmosphere since use soda, lemon and vinegar instead of the chemicals.