direct and rported speech

[عبدالرحمان 31]

slm 3likoommm khouté khassni lesson ta3 direct and indirect speech khasnni chehom swalahe li yetghayro men ghire les verbe w tenses

[سُـــمَـــيَّـــه]

INDIRECT SPEECH
Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.

She said, "I saw him." (direct speech) = She said that she had seen him. (indirect speech)

'That' may be omitted:
She told him that she was happy. = She told him she was happy.

'SAY' AND 'TELL'
Use 'say' when there is no indirect object:
He said that he was tired.

Always use 'tell' when you say who was being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):
He told me that he was tired.

'TALK' AND 'SPEAK'
Use these verbs to describe the action of communicating:
He talked to us.
She was speaking on the telephone.

Use these verbs with 'about' to refer to what was said:
He talked (to us) about his parents.

[toulay]

السلام عليكم

في reported speech تعاود واش قال الشخص مثلا
he says :"it is cold"
هنا le verbe introducteur راهو في le present معناها الفعل ليكون داخل quotation marks يبقى هو مايتبدلش فقط نحو les deux points and the quotation marks ونزيدو that بصح لازم ديرو في بالكم بلي that is optional معناها اختيارية تقدر تحطها ولا لا
بصح مين يكون le verbe introducteur في le passé راح تكون تغيرات فيما يخص الفعل داخل quotation marks
ادا كان الفعل داخل quotation marks في
present يرجع past
past يرجع past pefect
present perfect يرجع past perfect
past perfect يبقى هو مكانش تغير
here ترجع there
this ترجع that
now ترجع then
tomorrow ترجع the coming day
yesterday ترجع the previous day
these ترجع those

بالتوفيق

[عبدالرحمان 31]

thnx .^^'ç