شرح دروس فزياء 4 متوسط [الأرشيف] - منتديات الجلفة لكل الجزائريين و العرب

ABDENNOURBATNANAILI

2017-01-24, 21:16

التكهرب:
عند دلك بعض الاجسام الخفيفة بمواد معينة يمكن لها جذب بعض الاشياء الخفيفة سميت هذه الظاهرة بالتكهرب وتتم بــ: الدلك.التاثير.اللمس
*تعريف الشحنة الكهربائية.كمية كهرباء يمتلكها الجسم عند تكهربه رمزهـــــــا q
وتقاس بحودة الكولوم رمزها c
انواع الشحنات الكهربائية
موجبة + مثل التي يكتسبها الزجاج عند تكهربه
سالبة - // // // الايبونيت او البلاستيك عند تكهربه
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الذرة
النموذج الكوكبي للذرة
http://www.minhaji.net/upload/images/5th%20grade%20oloom%20ksa%20unit-5-9-1%20atom.png

1-الالكترونات: تحمل شحنة كهربائية موجبة تدول حول النواة
2-النواة:
أ-البروتونات:تحمل شحنة موجبة
ب-النترونات:عديمة الشحنة
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شحنة الالكترونات شحنة عنصرية سالبة

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شحنة البروتونات شحنة عنصرية موجبة
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الملاحظة:انحراف مؤشر الغلفانومتر
الاستنتاج:تولد تيار كهربائي يسمى التيار الكهربائي المحرض
الوشيعة :عنصر متحرض
المغناطيس:عنصر محرض

اكتشاف منوب كهربائي:

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طريقة وكيفية عمله :يعتمد على التحريض الكهرمغناطيسي فعندما يحتك القرص بعجلة الدراجة او دورانه يدير المغناطيس قرب الوشيعة فيتحرض تيار كهربائي متناوب

التيار والتوتر الكهربائيان المتناوبان :
لقد درست هذا العام الماضي لكن لا حرج في التذكير
التيار المستمر : رمزه = ـــ DC
مصدره البطاريات والاعمدة الكهربائية
له جهة واحدة من + الى -

الــــــــــــمتناوب:
رمزه
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مصدره المنوبات الكهربائية (الدينامو)
جهته
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جهته تتغير في حهتين متعاكستين

المقادير المميزة:

1-التوتر الاعظمي
umax
اكبر قيمة يسجلها التوتر
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2-الدور T
هو زمن منحني واحد
بالاحرى زمن نوبتين
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3-التواتر F
يعبر عن سرعة التغير وهو عدد الادوار خلال وحدة الزمن s

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وحدة قياسه الهرتز رمزها Hz
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4-التوتر المنتج
هي قيمة التوتر المتناوب المسجلة على جهاز الفولط متر
رمزه ueff
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