help me in this topic [الأرشيف] - منتديات الجلفة لكل الجزائريين و العرب

Karim-Rap-4-Life

2013-11-27, 19:04

The Commonwealth

The commonwealth is an association of states which stretches all over the globe, covers a quarter of the world’s land surface and contains nearly a quarter of the world’s populations. It consists of:

A large group of free, independent and sovereign states, each of which has complete control over its own affairs. These states are called Member Nations.

A small number of colonies, administrated by the United Kingdom.

The Member Nations

The Commonwealth includes monarchies and republics; it includes Europeans, Asians and Africans; it includes Christians, Buddhists, Hindus, Moslems and members of other faiths. Each member nation is equal in status. Neither the United Kingdom nor any other member nation of the Commonwealth may dictate to another member or interfere in its affairs.
The crown is the only link between the countries of the commonwealth. The Queen of England is also Queen of Canada, of Australia, of New Zealand, etc. The republics in the Commonwealth, of which India and Pakistan are the most important, acknowledge the sovereign, not as the wearer of the Crown, but as Head of the Commonwealth, and, as such, the symbol of their free association.

The Dependent Territories

The colonies, which are steadily becoming fewer in number, are administered from the Colonial Office in London. All will, it is hoped and intended, eventually become fully self-governing countries. Since 1945, there has been a very rapid movement towards independence. There were, in 1945, only five member nations of the Commonwealth. In 1965 there were twenty-one, and plans for the independence of several colonies were being discussed.

Co-operation in the Commonwealth

Although each member nation of the Commonwealth acts and makes its policy independently, there is a great deal of co-operation and co-ordination between countries. Commonwealth prime Ministers hold regular meetings at which they discuss common problems. So do Commonwealth Foreign Ministers, Finance Ministers and Defence Ministers. Important papers are circulated among governments, so that member nations are kept informed of each other’s policies. Committees dealing which economic affairs, science, agriculture, etc. Co-ordinate information and action within the Commonwealth. There are big schemes of technical and educational co-operation, in which the member nations combine to help the less developed countries of Asia and Africa.

Member Nations Total population: 720 millions
United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Ghana, Federation of Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia, Malawi, Gambia, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Federation of Malaysia, Malaya, Singapore, Brunei, North Borneo, Sarawak, Cyprus, Malta, southern Rhodesia.

Dependent Territories Total population: 9 millions
In Africa: Basutoland, Bechuanaland, Swaziland.
In the Far East and the Indian Ocean: Hong Kong, Aden, Mauritius, Seychelles.
In the Atlantic Ocean: Falkland Islands, St. Helena.
In the Caribbean: Bahamas, Bermuda, British Guiana, British Honduras, Leeward Islands, and Windward Islands.
In the Western Pacific: Fiji, Solomon islands, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, New Hebrides, Tonga.
In the Mediterranean: Gibraltar.