The E1b1b haplogroup (previously known as E3b) is common in the Mediterranean region, including North Africa, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Balkan countries such as Albania and Serbia. The ancestors of the E1b1b haplogroup probably lived in the horn of Africa (present-day Somalia) during the last Ice Age and moved into southern Europe via the Middle East during what's called the "Neolithic migration" around 9,000 years ago. The frequency of E1b1b in northern Europe and the British Isles is very low, although it does show up occasionally in people with no known Mediterranean ancestry. Some studies have found clusters of E1b1b in parts of England and especially northern Wales. By contrast, E1b1b is present in about 25% of Silicians and Greeks, and 50%-80% of North Africans. It is particularly common in the Berber people, who live in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya. It's also the 2nd most common Y-DNA haplogroup in men of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. The presence of the E1b1b haplogroup in the British population, though relatively rare, is evidence of a past migration of people from southern Europe, possibly soldiers and settlers who arrived during the Roman occupation of Britain in the first three centuries A.D.
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