Some information in linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of ********, which can be theoretical or applied. Someone who engages in this study is called a linguist.
Theoretical (or general) linguistics encompasses a number of sub-fields, such as the study of ******** structure (grammar) and meaning (semantics). The study of grammar encompasses morphology (formation and alteration of word) and syntax (the rules that determine the way words combine into phrases and sentences). Also a part of this field are phonology, the study of sound systems and abstract sound units, and phonetics, which is concerned with the actual properties of speech sounds (phones), non-speech sounds, and how they are produced and perceive.
Linguistics compares ********s (comparative linguistics) and explores their histories, in order to find universal properties of ******** and to account for its development and origins (historical linguistics).
Applied linguistics puts linguistic theories into practice in areas such as foreign ******** teaching, speech therapy, translation and speech pathology
Linguists may specialize in some subpart of the linguistic structure, which can be arranged in the following terms, from sound to meaning:
Semantics, the study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics) and fixed word combinations (phraseology), and how these combine to form the meanings of sentences
Pragmatics, the study of how utterances are used (literally, figuratively, or otherwise) in communicative acts .
Discourse analysis, the analysis of ******** use in texts (spoken or written )
Many linguists would agree that the divisions overlap considerably, but the independent significance of each of these areas is not universally acknowledged. Regardless of any particular linguist’s position, each area has core concepts that foster significant scholarly inquiry and research.
Intersecting with these domains are fields arranged around the kind of external factors that are considered. For example
Stylistics, the study of linguistic factors that place a discourse in context
Developmental linguistics, the study of the development of linguistic ability in an individual, particularly the acquisition of ******** in childhood
Historical linguistics or Diachronic linguistics, the study of ******** change
Evolutionary linguistics, the study of the origin and subsequent development of ********
Psycholinguistics, the study of the cognitive processes and representations underlying ******** use
Sociolinguistics, the study of social patterns of linguistic variability
Clinical linguistics, the application of linguistic theory to the area of Speech-******** Pathology
Neurolinguistics, the study of the brain networks that underlie grammar and communication
Biolinguistics, the study of natural as well as human taught communication systems in animals compared to human ********
Computational linguistics, the study of computational implementations of linguistic structures
Applied linguistics, the study of ******** related issues applied in every day life, notably ******** policies and ******** education